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Wages and research and development expenditure were found to drive construction productivity at the national level and expenditure on research and development and the number of apprentices were found to be drivers of construction productivity in Victoria, New South Wales and Western Australia.

Sustainable building design should consider durability, affordability, resource conservation, intra and intergenerational social equity aspects, and stakeholder’s perspective throughout its service life; this research has applied life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) framework to estimate the sustainability performance in terms of a single score, and to identify avenues for sustainability improvement strategies of buildings.